mehri raoofi; Mahmoud Habibnejad Roshan; Kaka Shahedi; Fatemeh Kardel
Abstract
Rivers are the main arteries of watersheds that play an important role in providing water for agriculture, drinking and industry. On the other hand, the reduction of river water quality has been one of the biggest human concerns in the last century. In order to evaluate the quality of running water, ...
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Rivers are the main arteries of watersheds that play an important role in providing water for agriculture, drinking and industry. On the other hand, the reduction of river water quality has been one of the biggest human concerns in the last century. In order to evaluate the quality of running water, biological indicators and the study of benthic invertebrates can be used. The aim of this study was to investigate the water quality of the main rivers of Babolrood watershed using the Hilsenhof Biological Index (HFBI). For this purpose, sampling of benthic invertebrates in 5 main river stations was performed using a net frame (sorber) with a cover area of 40 cm2 and transferred to the laboratory for identification. Then, using Pennak (1953) and Mellenby (1963) identification keys, the samples were identified by family and sex and counted and weighed. Also, at the same time as sampling of benthic organisms to study the physicochemical properties of water, samples were taken from river water. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between biological samples and physicochemical properties of water. The results showed that Babolk station with the lowest FBI and Babolrood-Babol station with the highest FBI were in the category of non-organic pollution and some organic pollution, respectively. The results of correlation of biological samples with physicochemical parameters in most cases were not significant at 95% confidence level. The highest correlation coefficient between Oligochaeta species was with Diversity biodiversity.Keywords: Benthic invertebrates, water quality, HFBI, Babolrood watershed, Mazandaran province
Mahmoud Habibnejad Roshan; Kaka Shahedi; Sayed Hussein Roshun
Abstract
Introduction
Floods are one of the most destructive natural disasters that cause severe injuries and loss of life, major infrastructure damage, significant economic losses, and social unrest worldwide. Due to the fact that flood is a dynamic and multidimensional phenomenon, Geographic Information System ...
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Introduction
Floods are one of the most destructive natural disasters that cause severe injuries and loss of life, major infrastructure damage, significant economic losses, and social unrest worldwide. Due to the fact that flood is a dynamic and multidimensional phenomenon, Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) data are used to a large extent to discover the extent of flooded areas and play a special role in preparing flood risk and susceptibility maps. Flood susceptibility mapping is essential for characterizing flood risk areas and planning flood control schemes.
Materials and methods
In this research, the identification of flooded areas in the Karun Watershed based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the GIS environment and its validation with the NDWI blue index extracted from Landsat 8 satellite images has been considered. For this purpose, first, 15 effective parameters in floods occurrence including slope, aspect, elevation, curvature, rainfall, distance from stream, stream density, distance from fault, fault density, distance from road, road density, lithology, Curve Number (CN), land use, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) and Stream Power Index (SPI) were selected and the weighting of these parameters was done based on AHP method in the Expert Choice software environment. Finally, by using the command to combine the layers based on the weighting of the AHP method in GIS, the final flood risk zoning map was obtained. NDWI water index was used to validate the flood risk map obtained.
Results and discussion
The results of the AHP model showed that the most effective factors in the occurrence of flood risk in the Karun Watershed include rainfall, the amount of slope and the height classes, which should be considered in order to reduce flood damage and provide management solutions for these factors. Also, the results show that the downstream areas of the watershed have the highest risk of flooding and more than half of the watershed's surface (52.24%) has a medium flood potential.
Conclusion
Preparing a map of flood-prone areas is one of the most constructive methods that enable the reduction of flood risk damages and help planners, stakeholders and decision-makers to properly monitor flood-prone areas and ensure appropriate and sustainable socio-economic development.
Mahtab Safari Shad; Mahmoud Habibnejad Roshan; Karim Solaimani; Alireza Ildoromi; Hossein Zeinivand
Abstract
Many of the environmental problems are caused by the changes in the main components of the hydrological cycle. However, water balance modeling can help to better understanding the components of the hydrological cycle in order to develop appropriate management options. The purpose of this study is to ...
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Many of the environmental problems are caused by the changes in the main components of the hydrological cycle. However, water balance modeling can help to better understanding the components of the hydrological cycle in order to develop appropriate management options. The purpose of this study is to calculate three important components of surface water balance using the WetSpass model and evaluate the model in Hamadan-Bahar Watershed located in Hamadan Province on a monthly time scale. The results of the model evaluation in the study showed that the coefficient of determination between the observed and simulated runoff in the calibration and validation period is equal to 0.79 and 0.83, respectively. Groundwater nutrition assessment was also performed according to manual calculations of the variable for 2012-2013. Then, the results of Kramer correlation coefficient between spatial distribution maps of runoff, actual evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge were investigated with input maps of the model. In general, due to the importance of evapotranspiration in water balance calculations, the evaporation and transpiration maps of the model were evaluated separately for different uses. The evaluation results confirmed the capability of the WetSpass model in simulating runoff, evapotranspiration and groundwater feeding with an acceptable accuracy. The results of spatial distribution maps of runoff, actual evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge indicate a high correlation between evapotranspiration component with land use (0.54), soil texture (0.45), evapotranspiration potential (0.42) and temperature (0.31). Also, these results indicate a high correlation between runoff components with land use (0.62) and soil texture (0.58), and average correlations between groundwater recharge component with land use (0.32) and soil texture (0.34). Therefore, land use and soil texture were the first and second factors affecting the distribution of surface balance components, respectively.
alireza memari; Karim Solaimani; mahmood habibnejad; Ali Golkarian
Abstract
AbstractDifferent models have been designed to simulate incoming floods into urban areas from rural areas, one of the models is the EPASWMM. Mashhad urban watershed with 8 inde-pendent subbasins and area of 2,472 hectares, located in south of Mashhad city . Study area is the residential area of Mashhad ...
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AbstractDifferent models have been designed to simulate incoming floods into urban areas from rural areas, one of the models is the EPASWMM. Mashhad urban watershed with 8 inde-pendent subbasins and area of 2,472 hectares, located in south of Mashhad city . Study area is the residential area of Mashhad Paydari township (Area= 95.6 ha) that located below the M2, M3 and M4 subbasins. Due to high peak flood events in M2, M3 and M4 subbasins, the capacity of urban transmission channels in the Paydari township is’nt suf-ficient and after every rain, a lot of runoff enters the residential areas. The purpose of this research is evaluate the efficiency of EPASWMM model in simulating runoff. The study area was divided into 12 hydrological units (OUT1 to OUT12) and after determine of input parameters of the model, the runoff gathering network in the form of nodes-channels was introduced into the model. Four rainfall events were used to evaluate and calibrate the model with (NS), (RMSE) and (R2) coefficients. In the calibration section of the model, the value of the (NS) coefficient for discharge in the first and third events was 0.94 and 0.92 respectively and for runoff height, 0.9 and 0.86, respectively and indicates simulation accuracy of EPASWMM model in both parameters. The results of the model evaluation section for the second and fourth events shows that the NS and R2 coefficients for three parameters of discharge, height and runoff were from 0.78 to 0.9 and 0.73 to 0.89 and indicates a large correlation between observational and simulated data. Flood reduction scenarios in hydrological units have been investigated according to the simulation results.
Iman Saleh; Ataollah Kavian; Mahmoud Habibnejad Roshan; Zeynab Jafari
Abstract
Iran has an arid and semi-arid climate as well as a more unstable ecosystem than humid regions; so the importance of water and soil resources conservation becomes higher in this country. The use of vegetative buffer strips is an effective strategy to reduce pollutions in surface waters as well as soil ...
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Iran has an arid and semi-arid climate as well as a more unstable ecosystem than humid regions; so the importance of water and soil resources conservation becomes higher in this country. The use of vegetative buffer strips is an effective strategy to reduce pollutions in surface waters as well as soil erosion. The present research has been conducted with the aim of study the effect of runoff rate, plant age and plant species on the efficiency of vegetative buffer strips to control runoff quality and quantity in Sari, Mazandaran, Iran. 1×10 m experimental plots were used and artificial runoff with two rates equal to the runoff generated by a precipitation with 25 and 100 years return period. The results indicated that the efficiency of vegetative buffer strips containing vetiver grass and turf grass affected by the runoff with a rate equal to the runoff generated by a precipitation with 25 years return period was higher than the buffer strips affected by the runoff with a rate equal to the runoff generated by a precipitation with 100 years return period, during the study period. Also, it was found that the efficiency of vegetative buffer strips to control runoff quality and quantity is affected more by the flow properties than characteristics of buffer strips, their plant age and species, when runoff rate is high. Two studied plant species including vetiver grass and native turf grass also showed a different performance to reduce runoff volume and its pollutants. On the other hand, variation of the plants’ age caused different efficiency for the studied vegetative buffer strips.
